Radiosignaling System



J. H. ROGERS.

RADIOSIGNALING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED IAN. II. |919.

31,893,73@ Patented May 13, 1919.

'lllllllllii 111151554 JAMES HARRIS ROGERS, 0F HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND.

MDIOSIGNALING- SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters Patent. 4

Patented May 13, 1919.

Application filed January 11, 1919. Serial No. 270,669.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES HARRIS ROG- ERS, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Hyattsville, in the county of Prince Georges andState of Maryland, have invented new and useful Improvements inRadiosignaling Systems, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to radio signaling systems and apparatus forsending and receiving signals through space by means of electromagneticwaves, and it relates particularly to that portion of such systems knownas the antenna.

I have discovered that radio conducto-rs or antennae are highlyeiiicient when disposed horizontally or substantially parallel to thesurface of the earth but completely insulated ,therefrom and inclosed inan inclosing metallic covering, screen or casing practically throughou-ttheir entire length, but insulated therefrom. The metallic covering thusinclosing the antenna, but from which the latter is insulated, takes upthe electromagnetic waves, in receiving, and transmits them to theantenna within at full strength and even with greater effect than whenthe antenna is used without the covering. A highly efiicient action is`thus obtained, the static is reduced, and at the'same time the antennai-s fully protected from deterioration by the corroding action of earthand water.

In such a. system it has been found necessary, in order to obtain thebest results, to employ radio conductors and casings of veryconsiderable length, that is, '250 feet, 500 feet, 1,000 feet, or even5,000 feet or more in length. With the use of such long conductors andcasings, however, it is found that the static increases in proportion tothe length, that is, as the length of conductor and casing increases,the static increases in about the same proportion, and this increase inthe static prevents obtaining the best results.

Now, it is the object of the present invention to reduce the proportionwhich the static bears to the length of the radio conductor employed. Afurther obj ect is to render ossible the employment of longer radio lconuctors or-antennae in proportion tothe incoming wave length.

In carrying the invention into eifect the metallic covering, screen orcasing of the radio conductor or antenna is made sectional, the sectionsbeing insulated from each other by rubber hose, such as garden hose, orequivalent.

The invention consists in the novel construction and arrangement ofapparatus and parts thereof for sending and receiving radio signalshereinafter described and claimed, and illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, in which drawings- Figure 1 is a diagrammatic View showing theantenna buried beneath the surface of the earth, receiving instrumentsbeing associated with the antenna;

Fig. l2L shows a conventional arrangement of sending instruments whichmay be substituted for the receiving instruments for transmittingsignals, it being understood that either the sending or receivinginstruments shown in Fig. l1 are to be used in connection with thearrangements shown in the remaining figures;

Fig. 1b is a longitudinal section of one of the couplings or sectionconnections, shown on an enlarged scale;

Fig. 1c is a transverse section taken on the line c-c of Fig. 1b;

Fig. 2 is a View similar to Fig. l showing two antennae extending inopposite directions beneath the surface of the earth, the connection forsignaling instruments being located between the antennae and alsobeneath the surface of the earth;

Figi 3 is a View similar to Fig. 2 but showing t e antenna resting uponthe surface of the earth with the signal instruments upon or above thesurface;

Fig. 4 is a View similar to Fig. 3 but showing the antennae supportedabove the surface of the earth but in close proximity thereto;

5 is a view similar to Fig.V 2 in which the antennae are shown submergedin water.

Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 2 showing a modification.

Referrin to the drawings, 10 indicates the signal instruments, which inFig. 1 are those for receiving signals, while in Fig. 1a the instrumentsfor sending signals are shown. In Fig. 1, 11 is a detector of any type,preferably an audion, 12 a telephone, and 13 and 14 the usualcondensers. Any

desired type of instruments and arrangement of connecting circuits maybe employ'ed.

ln Fig. 1a suitable sending instruments are conventionally shown. Thesecomprise a generator 15, transformer 16, spark gap 17, condenser 18 andkey 19..

.The above-mentioned instruments are well known in the art of radio ormagnetic wave signaling, and need not be further described.

2O is an antenna for radiating or receiving electromagnetic waves, andas shown in Fig. 1 extends horizontally or substantially` parallel tothe earths surface and buried in the earth. This antenna may be of anysuitable or desired length, and is completely inclosed within a metalliccovering, casing or screen 21 which may be a tube or pipe of lead, ironor any other suitable metal. The antenna is insulated from the metalliccovering or casing by means of insulation 22. It will thus be seen thatwhile the antenna is buried in the earth it is completely insulatedtherefrom and from the metallic covering or casglhe receivin instrumentsshown in Fig. 1 are associated with the antenna by means of an inductivecoupling comprising windings 23 and 24; of a transformer, but mayl beassociated therewith in any other suitable manner. The other terminal ofwinding 24 of the couplin is connected to ground at 25.

In the embo iment of the invention'shown in Fig. 2 the ground connectionis replaced by a second antenna 20 extending in a direction differentfrom the direction of antenna 20, the signal instruments being connectedbetween the antennae as indicated by the winding 24 of the inductivecoupling. In this figure alsov is shown the arran ement by which thesignal instruments are located in the chamber 26 below the surface ofthe earth.

Fi Fig. l but with the employment of a second antenna 20 in place of theground connecltion shown in Fig. 3. I

`Fig. et shows an arrangement similar to Fig. 3, but with the antennaeslightly elevated above thel surface of the earth by means ofstruts orpins 28. Thus while the antennae extend su stantially parallel with thesurface of the earth, the metallic coverf mg or casing is not in directcontact with the earth but is separated therefrom by a short space. Itmay or mayl not be insulated from the earth according to the material ofwhich the struts or pins 28 are made, that is whether they are ofconducting or of nonconductin material. l

Fig. 5 s ows the employment of two antennae submer ed beneath thesurface of the earth wheretere is water, the water being indicated at29. Here the metallic covering or casing is in contact with the water,but

g. 3 shows an arrangement similar to the length of ordinary iron pipewhich may be used for the purpose. The sections 31 are connected to-leach other by insulating couplings 32, which may be made of rubber hoseclamped to the metallic sections by clamps 33 or other suitable means.

Careful tests and experiments have shown that by the employment ofsectional metallic casing in intimate contact with the earth butinsulated from the radio conductor or antenna, the sections of thecasing being insulated from each other and connected by couplings ofinsulating material, very much longer antennae may be employed than ispossible with the continuous metallic casing. Also, when comparing theuse of antennae of the same length, the vstatic is much less with thesectional casing.

It will be understood that while I have shown and described arrangementsembodying my invention in which one antenna and also two antennae areemployed, any desired number may be used, and itis desirable to havethem extend in the proper direction to obtain the maximum eli'ect bothin sending and receiving of the electromagnetic Waves. For this purposea number of antennae may be employed radiating in different directionsfrom the instruments, and suitable switching mechanism may he providedfor connecting any one or more of the antennae to the signalinstruments. Such an arrangement 1s shown and described in the pendinapplication of myself jointly with HenrygH Lyon, S. No. 130,603, towhich reference is here made for further details, so that it is1mnecessary to describe such an arrangement in Jthis application.

It has been stated that the invention is ilo' applicable to the surfaceof the earth where A there is water, one such application beingillustrated in Fig. 6. Tt will be understood the invention and all suchI aim to. include in the scope of the appended claims. Y

What I -claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of theUnitedl States is:

1. A radio signaling system comprising an antenna4 extendinghorizontally substantially parallel to the surface of the earth andinsulated therefrom, a metallic covering comprising' sections insulatedfrom each other and inclosing said antenna throughout its length butinsulated therefrom, and signal instruments associated with saidantenna.

2. A radio signaling system comprising an antenna extendin horizontallysubstantially parallel to the surface of the earth, a metallic coveringcomprising short sections connectedby couplings of insulatingmaterialand inclosingk said antennabut insulated therefrom, andsignalinstruments associated with said antenna. l

3. A radio signaling system comprising an antenna extending horizontallysubstantially parallel to the surface of the earth, a metalliccovering'comprising sections insulated from each other and inclosingsaid antenna but insulated therefrom and in contact. with thesa'rthsubstantially throughoutA its length, and signal instruments associatedwith said antenna.

4. A radio signaling system comprising an .antenna extendinghorizontally substantially parallel to the surface of the earth, ametallic covering forl said antenna comprising sections insulated fromeach other and inclosing said antenna but insulated therefrom, saidmetallic covering being buried in the earth with its sections inintimate contact therewith, and signal instruments associated with saidantenna.

5. A radio signaling system comprising signal instruments, an antennaextending outwardly therefrom, a second antenna eX- tending in adifferent direction, said antennae being substantially parallel to thesurface of the earth but insulated therefrom and said instruments beingconnected between said antennae, and a metallic covering for each ofsaid antennae comprising sections insulated from each other and.inclosing the antenna throughout its length but insulated therefrom.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

JAMES HARRIS Roenes.` e

